Add instances support

Cargo.lock

@@ -1929,8 +1929,18 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9fbfd9d094a40bf3ae768db9361049ace4c0e04a4fd6b359518bd7b73a73dd97"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1940,7 +1950,17 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1952,6 +1972,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.2.16",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.9.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "99d9a13982dcf210057a8a78572b2217b667c3beacbf3a0d8b454f6f82837d38"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rav1e"
 version = "0.7.1"
@@ -1978,8 +2007,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "paste",
  "profiling",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
- "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
  "simd_helpers",
  "system-deps",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
@@ -2112,6 +2141,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "glam",
  "image",
  "log",
+ "rand 0.9.1",
  "thiserror 2.0.12",
  "vulkano",
  "vulkano-shaders",

Cargo.toml

@@ -23,3 +23,6 @@ glam = { version = "0.30" }
 # Log and tracing
 log = "0.4"
 env_logger = "0.11"
+
+# Random
+rand = "0.9"

res/shaders/vertex.vert

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #version 450
 
-layout (location = 0) in vec2 position;
+layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
 layout (location = 1) in vec2 uv;
+layout (location = 2) in mat4 model;
 
 layout (location = 0) out vec2 fragUv;
 
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ layout (set = 0, binding = 0) uniform MVP {
 
 void main() {
     mat4 worldview = uniforms.view * uniforms.world;
-    gl_Position = uniforms.projection * worldview * vec4(position, 0.0, 1.0);
+    vec4 modelPosition = model * vec4(position, 1.0);
+    gl_Position = uniforms.projection * worldview * modelPosition;
     fragUv = uv;
 }

src/core/render/primitives/transform.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,26 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use glam::{Mat4, Quat, Vec3};
+use vulkano::{
+    Validated,
+    buffer::{
+        AllocateBufferError, Buffer, BufferContents, BufferCreateInfo, BufferUsage, Subbuffer,
+    },
+    memory::allocator::{AllocationCreateInfo, MemoryTypeFilter, StandardMemoryAllocator},
+    pipeline::graphics::vertex_input::Vertex,
+};
 
 pub struct Transform {
-    position: Vec3,
+    pub position: Vec3,
-    rotation: Quat,
+    pub rotation: Quat,
-    scale: Vec3,
+    pub scale: Vec3,
+}
+
+#[derive(BufferContents, Vertex)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct TransformRaw {
+    #[format(R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT)]
+    pub model: [[f32; 4]; 4],
 }
 
 impl Default for Transform {
@@ -29,9 +46,35 @@ impl Transform {
         self.scale *= scale;
     }
 
-    pub fn get_mat4(&self) -> Mat4 {
+    pub fn into_raw(&self) -> TransformRaw {
-        Mat4::from_translation(self.position)
+        TransformRaw {
-            * Mat4::from_quat(self.rotation)
+            model: (Mat4::from_translation(self.position)
-            * Mat4::from_scale(self.scale)
+                * Mat4::from_quat(self.rotation)
+                * Mat4::from_scale(self.scale))
+            .to_cols_array_2d(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_buffer(
+        memory_allocator: &Arc<StandardMemoryAllocator>,
+        transforms: &[Transform],
+    ) -> Result<Subbuffer<[TransformRaw]>, Validated<AllocateBufferError>> {
+        let transform_raws: Vec<TransformRaw> = transforms.iter().map(|t| t.into_raw()).collect();
+
+        let buffer = Buffer::from_iter(
+            memory_allocator.clone(),
+            BufferCreateInfo {
+                usage: BufferUsage::VERTEX_BUFFER,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            AllocationCreateInfo {
+                memory_type_filter: MemoryTypeFilter::PREFER_DEVICE
+                    | MemoryTypeFilter::HOST_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            transform_raws,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(buffer)
     }
 }

src/core/render/primitives/vertex.rs

@@ -10,3 +10,13 @@ pub struct Vertex2D {
     #[format(R32G32_SFLOAT)]
     pub uv: [f32; 2],
 }
+
+#[derive(BufferContents, Vertex)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct Vertex3D {
+    #[format(R32G32B32_SFLOAT)]
+    pub position: [f32; 3],
+
+    #[format(R32G32_SFLOAT)]
+    pub uv: [f32; 2],
+}

src/game/assets/square.rs

@@ -30,26 +30,26 @@ use vulkano::{
 };
 
 use crate::core::render::{
-    primitives::{mvp::MVP, vertex::Vertex2D},
+    primitives::{mvp::MVP, transform::TransformRaw, vertex::Vertex3D},
     texture::Texture,
 };
 
-const VERTICES: [Vertex2D; 4] = [
+const VERTICES: [Vertex3D; 4] = [
-    Vertex2D {
+    Vertex3D {
-        position: [0.0, 0.0],
+        position: [-0.5, -0.5, 0.0],
         uv: [0.0, 0.0],
     },
-    Vertex2D {
+    Vertex3D {
-        position: [0.0, 5.0],
+        position: [-0.5, 0.5, 0.0],
-        uv: [0.0, 0.5],
+        uv: [0.0, 1.0],
     },
-    Vertex2D {
+    Vertex3D {
-        position: [10.0, 0.0],
+        position: [0.5, -0.5, 0.0],
         uv: [1.0, 0.0],
     },
-    Vertex2D {
+    Vertex3D {
-        position: [10.0, 5.0],
+        position: [0.5, 0.5, 0.0],
-        uv: [1.0, 0.5],
+        uv: [1.0, 1.0],
     },
 ];
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub mod shaders {
 }
 
 pub struct Square {
-    vertex_buffer: Subbuffer<[Vertex2D]>,
+    vertex_buffer: Subbuffer<[Vertex3D]>,
     index_buffer: Subbuffer<[u32]>,
     pipeline: Arc<GraphicsPipeline>,
 }
@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ impl Square {
             .entry_point("main")
             .ok_or("Failed find main entry point of fragment shader".to_string())?;
 
-        let vertex_input_state = Vertex2D::per_vertex().definition(&vs)?;
+        let vertex_input_state =
+            [Vertex3D::per_vertex(), TransformRaw::per_instance()].definition(&vs)?;
 
         let stages = [
             PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(vs),
@@ -207,6 +208,7 @@ impl Square {
         command_buffer: &mut AutoCommandBufferBuilder<PrimaryAutoCommandBuffer>,
         descriptor_set_allocator: &Arc<StandardDescriptorSetAllocator>,
         mvp_uniform: &Subbuffer<[MVP]>,
+        transform_uniform: &Subbuffer<[TransformRaw]>,
         texture: &Texture,
     ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         let layouts = self.pipeline.layout().set_layouts();
@@ -235,11 +237,18 @@ impl Square {
             0,
             vec![uniform_descriptor_set, texture_descriptor_set],
         )?;
-        command_buffer.bind_vertex_buffers(0, self.vertex_buffer.clone())?;
+        command_buffer
+            .bind_vertex_buffers(0, (self.vertex_buffer.clone(), transform_uniform.clone()))?;
         command_buffer.bind_index_buffer(self.index_buffer.clone())?;
 
         unsafe {
-            command_buffer.draw_indexed(INDICES.len() as u32, 1, 0, 0, 0)?;
+            command_buffer.draw_indexed(
+                INDICES.len() as u32,
+                transform_uniform.len() as u32,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+            )?;
         }
 
         Ok(())

src/game/main_scene.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 use std::{error::Error, sync::Arc};
 
 use crate::core::render::primitives::camera::Camera3D;
+use crate::core::render::primitives::transform::Transform;
 use crate::core::render::texture::Texture;
 use crate::core::scene::Scene;
 use crate::core::scene::SceneContext;
 use egui_winit_vulkano::{Gui, egui};
-use glam::Mat4;
+use glam::EulerRot;
+use glam::Quat;
+use glam::Vec3;
 use vulkano::{
     command_buffer::{
         AutoCommandBufferBuilder, CommandBufferUsage, PrimaryCommandBufferAbstract,
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ use super::assets::square::Square;
 
 pub struct MainSceneState {
     square: Square,
+    instances: Vec<Transform>,
     camera: Camera3D,
     texture: Texture,
     speed: f32,
@@ -43,6 +47,27 @@ impl Scene for MainScene {
             scene_context.swapchain_format,
         )?;
 
+        let num_instances = 100;
+        let instance_size = 10.0;
+        let instance_spacing = 10.0;
+        let num_instances_per_row = (num_instances as f32 / instance_spacing as f32).ceil() as u32;
+        let instances: Vec<Transform> = (0..num_instances)
+            .map(|i| Transform {
+                position: Vec3::new(
+                    (i % num_instances_per_row) as f32 * (instance_spacing + instance_size),
+                    0.0,
+                    (i / num_instances_per_row) as f32 * (instance_spacing + instance_size),
+                ),
+                rotation: Quat::from_euler(
+                    EulerRot::XYZ,
+                    0.0,
+                    rand::random_range(0.0..=360.0),
+                    0.0,
+                ),
+                scale: Vec3::new(instance_size, instance_size, instance_size),
+            })
+            .collect();
+
         let camera = Camera3D::new(
             scene_context.aspect_ratio,
             std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2,
@@ -69,6 +94,7 @@ impl Scene for MainScene {
 
         self.state = Some(MainSceneState {
             square,
+            instances,
             camera,
             texture,
             speed: 50.0,
@@ -129,12 +155,16 @@ impl Scene for MainScene {
             .camera
             .create_buffer(&scene_context.memory_allocator)?;
 
+        let transform_uniform =
+            Transform::create_buffer(&scene_context.memory_allocator, &state.instances)?;
+
         state
             .square
             .render(
                 &mut builder,
                 &scene_context.descriptor_set_allocator,
                 &camera_uniform,
+                &transform_uniform,
                 &state.texture,
             )
             .unwrap();